Normally, a system must have some interactions with its surroundings. (b) The burning gasoline in the cylinder of a car engine is an example of a thermodynamic system. The surroundings may also have relevant information however, the surroundings are important to study only if the situation is an open system. Figure 3.2 (a) A system, which can include any relevant process or value, is self-contained in an area. The boundary then consists of the inner surfaces of the cylinder and piston. For example, if we are studying a car engine, the burning gasoline inside the cylinder of the engine is the thermodynamic system the piston, exhaust system, radiator, and air outside form the surroundings of the system. In reality, the immediate surroundings of the system are interacting with it directly and therefore have a much stronger influence on its behavior and properties. It is embedded in its surroundings or environment it can exchange heat with, and do work on, its environment through a boundary, which is the imagined wall that separates the system and the environment (Figure 3.2). Define thermal equilibrium and thermodynamic temperatureĪ thermodynamic system includes anything whose thermodynamic properties are of interest.Explain the roles of all the components involved in thermodynamics.Define a thermodynamic system, its boundary, and its surroundings. By the end of this section, you will be able to:
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